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Essayopgaver

Specifikke analytiske hjælpemidler til essaydelen

·         Fiktionsopgaven

·         Sagprosaopgaven

Generelle skrivehandlinger til essaydelen

1. Write a summary of [text] in about 125 words.
 

• A summary (”write a summary”): En kort, sammenhængende og loyal gengivelse af hovedindholdet af en tekst.

• Et summary introducerer tekstens titel og forfatter.

• Et summary er henvendt til en læser, der ikke kender teksten.

• Et summary er karakteriseret af kortfattethed. Man skal holde sig til det angivne ordantal   (”about 125 words”). Der er ikke plads til citater og til detaljer, forklaringer og eksempler

• Undgå at bruge ord, vendinger, hele sætninger fra teksten. Du skal formulere det i egne ord

• Et summary skrives i nutid.

2. Write a short analytical essay (600-900 words) in which you analyse and interpret a text. You must focus on specific analytical elements and you must include three specific analytical terms in your essay.

In your essay you must include references to the text.

• Et analytical essay er en sammenhængende tekst med en indledning, en hoveddel og en konklusion.

• Et analytical essay er en fokuseret tekst, hvor novellen eller non-fiktionsteksten er emnet for essayet; der er en rød tråd i behandlingen af materialet.

• Et analytical essay er en dokumenteret tekst; essayet underbygges med henvisninger til og citater fra tekstmaterialet.

Fiktionsopgaven

De følgende analysetermer kan forekomme i fiktionsopgaven:

NARRATION AND POINT OF VIEW:

1.     Is the narrator a first person or a third person narrator?

a.     If first person is it reliable or unreliable?

b.    If third person is it limited (to whom?), omniscient or observant?

2.     Are the characters described directly by the narrator or indirectly by what they say or do?

3.     Which narrative modes are used?

a.     Description

b.    Thoughts

c.     Dialogue/ direct speech

d.    Indirect speech

SETTING:

1.     Where and when does the text take place? Real or imaginary world?

2.     Does the place of action remain the same or is there more than one setting? What is the point of the different settings?

3.     What sort of atmosphere does the text contain? Are there different atmospheres? (happy/sad/hopeful/gloomy/depressing/scary etc.)

4.     What type of descriptions creates the setting? Are the surroundings described with positive and or negative words? What must be the point of these choices?

CONFLICT:

1.     What is the conflict)? Is there more than one?

2.     Is it external (a character clashes with an outside force—for example, another character, society, or nature.)

3.     Is it internal (a character grapples with his or her own opposing feelings, beliefs, needs, or desires.)

4.     Is the conflict(s) resolved or unresolved?

CHARACTERISATION

1.     Who are main and minor characters?

2.     Is there a protagonist vs. antagonist conflict in the text?

3.     Which adjectives can be used to describe the behaviour of the different characters?

4.     Do the characters develop through the story?

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHARACTERS

1.     How close are the characters? (Family, friends, strangers etc.)

2.     How do the characters perceive each other? (Enemy, friend, rival, partner, opponent etc.)

3.     Which adjective describes the relationship? (Troublesome, harmonious, idyllic, discordant etc.)

COMPOSITION

1.     Does the story have a beginning or does it start in medias res (latin: in the middle of things)

2.     Is the composition chronological or does it jump in time?

3.     What are the initial situation, the development, and the final situation? Will there be any future development?

4.     Is the ending predictable/unpredictable/expected/unexpected?

MAIN THEME

1.     What is the point of the story?

2.     What moral/lesson is presented to the reader?

Sagprosaopgaven

De følgende analysetermer kan forekomme i sagprosaopgaven:

GENRE:

1.     What genre does the text belong to?

a.     Article

b.    Blog

c.     Podcast

d.    Tedtalk

e.     Speech

f.     Interview

g.    Newsclip

2.     Does the text adhere to the standard requirements of the genre?

3.     Can the genre be used to analyse the receiver?

TOPIC

1.     What are the main ideas of the text?

COMPOSITION

1.     How is the text structured?

a.     Divide the text into smaller sections/segments and explain their function (intro/facts/arguments/personal reflections/interviews etc.)

b.    Does the structure support the intention of the text?

SENDER

1.     Who is talking to whom?

2.     Is it one-way or two-way communication?

3.     How does the sender communicate? (Academic words/simple words/humour /feel good stories/personal comments/ facts/repetition/)

4.     Which adjectives could be used to describe the “person” that writes/speaks the text?

5.     Is the sender trustworthy?

RECEIVER

At whom is the “text” directed?  It’s not enough to say “Anyone who reads it.”

1.     Where is the text presented (newspaper and typical reader/Tedtalk and typical audience/blog and typical reader etc.)

2.     Look at the vocabulary and language use in general, what age/gender/nationality/education etc. is required to understand the text.

3.     What is the lix number?

MEDIUM

1.     Where was the text “published”?

a.     Newspaper printed version

b.    Newspaper online version

c.     Radio network

d.    TV network

e.     News network

f.     Ted website

g.    Blog sites

2.     Does the medium appear trustworthy?

3.     Can the medium be used to analyse the receiver?

ARGUMENT

1.     What are the main arguments in the text?

2.     How are they presented?

3.     Does the speaker use documentation fx. sources, statistics, experts etc.

4.     How objective/subjective are the arguments?

ARGUMENTATION

1.     Does the sender argue or claim?

2.     Does the text consist of claims, grounds, warrants, rebuttals and qualifiers?

APPEAL FORMS

1.     Does the sender use ethos?

2.     Does the sender use pathos?

3.     Does the sender use logos?

ATTITUDE

1.     How many different attitudes are presented?

2.     What are they?

3.     Are the contrasts/conflicts between the different attitudes?

STYLE:

1.   Vocabulary/word choice: (Are the words simple or complex? Long or short? Technical, colloquial, informal or formal)

2.   Does the sender refer to other texts, myths, symbols, famous people, historical events, quotations and so on?

3.   Does the sender use any of the following: personal stories, figurative language, repetitions, ambiguity, humour, clichés, anecdotes, sarcasm irony, etc?

4.   How does the sender use his/her style to relate to the audience? 

LANGUAGE

1.     Is the language persuasive?

a.     Look for fx personal pronuns (we, us, you)

b.    Look for persuasive modalverbs (ought to/ should/ must/have to etc.)

c.     Look for nouns and adjectives that create a persuasive mood.

2.     Is the language informative?

a.     Look for fact sentences with ”is/are”

b.    Look for numbers and statistics

c.     Look for nouns that refer to sources, experts and technic/academic areas.

3.     Is the language descriptive?

a.     Look for adjectives, adverb, nouns and verbs that create feelings of optimism, sadness, distress etc.

INTENTION

1.     What is the point and message of the text?

2.     What is the sender trying to do with the point and message.  (To inform, to persuade, to entertain etc.)

Diskussionsdelen i sagprosaopgaven

Med udtrykket discuss menes at fremdrage holdninger til et emne. Emnet vil fremgå af opgaveformuleringen. En diskussion sammenstiller forskellige og ofte modsatrettede synspunkter med argumentation for disse, og den kan afsluttes med argumenteret personlig stillingtagen.

Discussion structure